Comparison of Transfer Learning Models in Classification Dental and Tongue Disease Images

According to the Global Burden of Disease Study, dental caries is the most prevalent oral health ailment, affecting around 3.5 billion individuals globally. According to the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 93% of children in the country suffer from oral health issues, making poor oral health a serious public health concern. The tongue and teeth in the mouth are particularly vulnerable to a wide range of illnesses, and the condition of the mouth is a key sign of the health of the body as a whole. The CNN algorithm has been utilized in numerous studies to classify disorders of the tongue and teeth. Nevertheless, no study has classified tongue and dental diseases using merged datasets as of yet. This research addresses this gap by focusing on the classification of dental and tongue diseases using transfer learning techniques with CNN architecture models VGG16, VGG19, and ResNet50. The primary aim is to compare these three models to identify the one with the most optimal performance in handling related cases. Based on the results, the best accuracy was achieved with data augmentation and models trained for 75 epochs. The VGG16 model attained 94% accuracy, VGG19 achieved 93% accuracy, and ResNet50 also reached 94% accuracy. These findings suggest that transfer learning with CNN architectures can effectively classify dental and tongue diseases. The implications are significant for developing automated diagnostic tools that can aid in the early detection and treatment of oral health issues globally.