Assessing the life cycle impacts of the remediation of shooting ranges in peatland environments

This paper aims to expand knowledge of the potential environmental impacts associated with the remediation of shooting ranges in peatland environments. While the remediation of these sites currently requires the excavation and disposal of contaminated soil to meet local environmental quality guideline values, there is a growing recognition that this remediation process causes substantial environmental impacts. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was undertaken to identify the life cycle impacts and potential mitigation measures to reduce them. The results showed that for the majority of impact categories, downstream landfilling processes dominated impacts; in particular, substantial greenhouse gas emissions were associated with the decomposition of carbon-rich peat soil caused by excavation and removal (119 t CO₂ equivalents, representing 67.8 % of the life cycle emissions). In addition, gravel materials used for road building was important to several impact categories. The greenhouse gas mitigation potential was 17 % and included the use of renewable fuels, electric excavators, local site equipment, material selection and the reuse of materials. While the impacts from site infrastructure and excavation may be reduced through appropriate planning and management, the greenhouse gas emissions impact from excavating carbon-rich soil is proportional to the excavated soil volume. Therefore, the acceptability of these impacts should be carefully evaluated against the benefits of reduced contaminant leaching into the receiving environment.