Evaluation of hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities of <i>Castanopsis costata</i> extract in rats

The liver and kidneys are important organs for body homeostasis but susceptible to damage or injury caused by different factors. A number of medicinal plants, such as <i>Castanopsis costata</i> have been proven effective in protecting the liver and kidneys from damage. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the effect of <i>C. costata</i> extract (CcE) on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity and gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat model. Each treatment group was given CcE at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for 21 and 8 days for hepatoprotective tests and nephroprotective tests, respectively. To induce liver and kidney damage, rats were given paracetamol 1,000 mg/kg orally for 7 (15-21) and gentamicin 80 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 5 (4-8) days. To assess liver function, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB), total cholesterol (TC), total albumin (TA) and total protein (TP) were measured, as well as liver antioxidant enzymes. Meanwhile, to assess kidney function, the levels of serum creatinine (SCr), serum urea (SU) and uric acid (UA) were measured. TNF-α and IFN-γ were also measured with histopathology testing to assess the effects of liver and kidney organ damage in each experiment. The results showed that CcE reduced the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, TB and TC, increased TA, TP and liver antioxidant enzymes, as well as reducing SCr, SU and UA when compared with the pathological group. Additionally, CcE reduced the levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ, as well as improving the structure of liver and kidney tissue as confirmed by histopathology. CcE had hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects on paracetamol-induced and gentamicin-induced rats, respectively.