Impression of the Effects of Climate Change on Genetic Resources and Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Production

One percent of the overall value of international trade is made up of coffee, one of the most significant traded commodities. Around the world, 25 million farmers rely on coffee as their main crop. Coffee production and genetic resources are seriously threatened by rising temperatures and increased precipitation that would follow from climate change, despite the fact that coffee is important for the economies of many countries. The examination of the effects of climate change on coffee production and genetic resources, as well as the recommendation of potential measures for their mitigation and adaptation, are the goals of this research. High temperatures and unpredictable rainfall brought on by climate change directly lower coffee yield by impacting plant growth and development. Additionally, it indirectly lowers the yield and quality of coffee and fosters the occurrence of more coffee-related diseases and pests. Furthermore, it was predicted by global circulation models that the distribution of places with the right climate for Arabica coffee could be affected by changes in temperature and precipitation, making many of those regions unsuitable. Additionally, there is a high risk of extinction for wild coffee and coffee germplasm accessions of Arabica coffee, which have been preserved in Ethiopia and many other nations' ex-situ field gene banks. These factors will have a significant impact on the majority of top coffee producers in the future. As a result, countries that cultivate coffee should be aware of how changing climatic factors affect coffee output and genetic resources and implement the necessary mitigation and adaptation measures.