Study on the prevalence of traditional smoking and the use of modern electronic nicotine delivery systems in different age groups of patients with ischemic heart disease

The aim to define the frequency of traditional smoking and electronic cigarette use among coronary heart disease (CHD) patients of different age groups. Materials and methods. The study included patients with CHD who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (n = 3674). The mean age of the study participants was 60.6 ± 0.8 years. The material for analysis was anamnestic data regarding traditional smoking or the use of electronic nicotine delivery devices and a smoking history. The study design was based on the patient’s age group according to the WHO age classification. Results. The article raises an actual problem of defining the impact of electronic cigarettes and traditional smoking on health risk for CHD patients and the frequency of smoking types taking into account the patients’ age. Nicotine addiction has been revealed in 67.3 % of patients among the study participants that was significantly higher than the proportion of never-smokers, p = 0.0001, χ2 = 56.29. It has been found that 93.0 % of patients preferred traditional cigarette smoking to electronic cigarettes, p = 0.0001, χ2 = 2101.45, and the frequency of traditional smoking was significantly lower among young patients (21.3 %) as compared to older age groups of patients: middle-aged – 38.5 % (р = 0.0001, χ2 = 62.40), elderly – 44.0 % (р = 0.0001, χ2 = 116.53) and old-aged – 42.1 % (р = 0.0001, χ2 = 95.67). Smoking cessation frequency has been shown to be significantly higher in the older groups: middle-aged (p = 0.0001, χ2 = 17.42), elderly (p = 0.0001, χ2 = 15.59) and old-aged (p = 0.003, χ2 = 9.05) compared to that among CHD patients of a younger age. The determined frequency of using only electronic cigarettes as a smoking experience or transition from tradition smoking has been demonstrated to be significantly higher exclusively among young people compared to other age groups: middle-aged patients (p = 0.0001, χ2 = 170.24), elderly (p = 0.0001, χ2 = 288.63) and old-aged (p = 0.0001, χ2 = 290.01). Conclusions. Tobacco smoking as one of the leading risk factors has been established to be an extremely common phenomenon in the sample of CHD patients with the frequency of 67.3 %, that was significantly higher than the number of never-smokers, p = 0.0001, χ2 = 56.29. The rates demonstrating the prevalence of traditional and electronic cigarette smoking based on the age of patients with coronary heart disease have been determined. The incidence of smoking status types (quit smoking, switch to electronic cigarettes, dual users) according to the age aspect has been revealed.