Radiation protection in cardiac catheterization: Insights from a survey of interventional cardiologists

This study aimed to evaluate the current state of radiation protection knowledge and practices of interventional cardiologists (ICs), including fellow doctors, in Saudi Arabia during cardiac catheterization procedures. A cross-sectional survey was performed using a standardized and pre-tested self-administered questionnaire developed with online Microsoft Forms. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 29) software. The study involved 59 ICs, consisting of 46 consultants and 13 fellow doctors. While 57.6% of the ICs were familiar with ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle, over half (52.5%) lacked formal radiation protection training. Nearly all participants (98%) constantly used lead aprons, but their willingness to use additional equipment was relatively low, with thyroid shields at 72.8%, radiation protection glasses at 15.2%, and personal dosimeters at 32.2%. Compared to consultants, fellow doctors demonstrated lower percentages of both protective equipment and personal dosimeter usage. Finally, approximately 92% of fellows never used a radiation personal dosimeter (e.g., thermoluminescent dosimeter). The results indicate a crucial need to establish and enhance radiation protection training and enforce safety protocols among ICs, particularly among fellow doctors, to reduce radiation exposure and associated health risks. The transition to fluoroless or low-radiation procedures in interventional cardiology should also be prioritized.