Book of Abstracts of Papers Presented at the 18th Annual Scientific Conference of the National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria, Port Harcourt 2024 (15–21 September 2024)

NPMCN ASC 2024 001: SHORT- AND LONG-TERM GLYCAEMIC CONTROL AMONGST TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN A RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTING Ijeoma Angela Meka*, Chika Juliet Okwor, Ekene Joy Arum, Ochuko Otokunefor1, Obumneme Benneth Anyim2, Michael Ikechukwu Ogamba3 Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, University of Nigeria, 2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu State, 1Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, 3Department of Chemical Pathology, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria *E-mail: [email protected] Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease condition which is of great concern in Africa and indeed globally. Its potential complications can be mitigated by tight control of blood glucose, achievable by both short- and long-term glucose monitoring. The values of these measures are expected to both be within target, but for some reasons, sometimes these values become discordant. This study is aimed at determining the pattern of short- and long-term glycaemic control prevalent amongst Type 2 diabetic patients in the study environment and the extent of the discordance between them. Methods: The study was cross-sectional, hospital-based and carried out at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu. Research participants comprised consenting adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c were used to assess short- and long-term glycaemic controls, respectively. Results: The study included 148 participants. HbA1c correlated significantly with FBG (r = 0.69, P < 0.00001). The prevalence of optimal short- and long-term glycaemic control was 42.6% and 35.8%, respectively. The proportion of individuals with concordance between FBG and HbA1c was 116 (78.4%), whereas 32 (21.6%) had discordant values. Conclusion: Glycaemic control, both short- and long-term, was suboptimal amongst participants. Discordance observed between HbA1c and FBG creates some dilemmas in clinical decision-making and calls for guidelines and uniformity in the clinical management of these conditions. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, discordance, fasting blood glucose, glycaemic control, HbA1c NPMCN ASC 2024 002: LIVER ENZYMES (ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE AND ALANINE TRANSAMINASE) IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA ON NEUROLEPTICS Adeniran Samuel Atiba*, Joel Olufunminiyi Akande1, Eshiotseme Sylvester Idogun2, Dolapo Pius Oparinde1, Mobolaji Usman Dada3 Departments of Chemical Pathology and 3Psychiatry, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, 1Department of Chemical Pathology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, 2Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria *E-mail: [email protected] Background: Neuroleptics are drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia, and there are associated side effects which are observed physically. These side effects may be reasons for poor compliance to medication and subsequently inadequate desired therapeutic effects. Early detection of side effects through the measurement of some biochemical parameters may improve drug compliance in this group of patients and subsequently improve therapeutic effects. Methods: This research witnessed the recruitment of newly diagnosed participants (NDPs) and those already on neuroleptics for the minimum period of 4 months as well as apparently normal participants (NPs) through systematic random sampling. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were analysed from all participants. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to retrieve socio-demographic characteristics. Results: The highest serum levels of ALT and AST were observed in participants with schizophrenia on neuroleptics (SPN), followed by apparently NPs; ALT (SPN = 25.30 ± 8.13, NDPs = 15.61 ± 1.69, NPs = 16.54 ± 3.10; P = 0.000), AST (SPN = 30.35 ± 7.95, NDPs = 20.61 ± 4.22, NPs = 21.66 ± 4.22; P = 0.000). These difference in AST and ALT in the various groups were statistically significant. There was a significant positive correlation between duration of treatment and ALT (r = 0.602; P = 0.000) as well as AST (r = 0.733; P = 0.000). Conclusion: Raised serum AST and ALT are linked to the duration of therapy in those participants on neuroleptics. Early detection of this may be a reason to adjust the dose of neuroleptics before the unpalatable physical side effects appear. Keywords: Newly diagnosed participants, normal participants, schizophrenic participants on neuroleptics NPMCN ASC 2024 003: PFHRP2/3 GENE DELETIONS AMONGST MALARIA PARASITES CIRCULATING IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA Ndifrekeabasi Itek Robinson*, Ibinabo Laura Oboro, Orikomaba Korifama Obunge1 Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Rivers State University, 1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria *E-mail: [email protected] Background: pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions in Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) have been shown to result in false-negative pfhrp2-based malaria rapid diagnostic test (MRDT) results. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pfhrp2/3 gene deletions amongst P. falciparum isolates circulating in Rivers State. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst outpatients with microscopy-confirmed P. falciparum malaria in 12 health facilities across Rivers State. Patients with negative MRDT results and positive malaria microscopy results were identified as those with false-negative MRDT results. Dried blood spots from these patients were re-evaluated for the presence of P. falciparum isolates using amplification of the 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thereafter, the nested PCR technique was used to determine deletions or otherwise of the exon 2 region of the pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes. Results: A total of 21 out of the 382 patients with microscopy-confirmed P. falciparum malaria had false-negative results with pfhrp2-based MRDT giving a false-negative rate of 5.5% for pfhrp2-based MRDTs. Pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions were observed in a total of 3 (14.3%) and 1 (4.7%) parasites in samples with false-negative results, respectively. Conclusion: The study provides evidence of pfhrp2/3 gene deletions amongst P. falciparum parasites causing malaria in Rivers State, Nigeria. Although of low prevalence, these deletions have the potential to impair malaria case management. Genomic surveillance is necessary to monitor their impact on malaria diagnosis as we strive towards malaria elimination. Key words: false-negative malaria rapid diagnostic test, pfhrp2 gene, pfhrp3 gene, Plasmodium falciparum NPMCN ASC 2024 004: SUCCESSFUL HAEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN ABO-MAJOR MISMATCH FOR A CHILD WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE Godwin Nosa Bazuaye, Marcellinus Uchechukwu Nwagu1*, Oluwafemi Adeyemi1, Olumide Akintomiwa Awoticu, Ezekiel Uforo Akpabio, Calista Chiamaka Okeke2 Department of Haematology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Ugbowo, 2Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Celltek Healthcare Medical Center, Benin City, 1Department of Haematology, Edo State University, Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria *E-mail: [email protected] Background: Sickle cell disease is a chronic disease clinical management and cell and the for the cell in Nigeria, the of sometimes a have carried out using Methods: A diagnosed with with had disease with blood group was had as a was blood group A positive and The had of from to from of the to the which is the of the The had of to of of with had and for positive of and was with and was with and Results: blood group was observed to have evidence of A from and A positive on was on and on Patients had on and were on parameters were total cell and is on and and is cell a therapeutic for the of and the of cell Keywords: cell disease NPMCN ASC 2024 AMONGST Departments of Pathology and Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, 3Department of Chemical Pathology, University of State, Nigeria *E-mail: [email protected] Background: 2 the of is to on is amongst the study the of on amongst Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Chemical Pathology of Rivers State University Teaching amongst = were followed from had with patients polymerase chain were before and at of amongst the was using and at P < Results: the had levels of and of Type 1 but Type to the parameters < These were amongst those with disease to those with disease < A negative correlation was observed between these and the a positive correlation was observed between the and the < Conclusion: These associated with in the of be as of the management in Keywords: serum of Type 1 serum Type 2 NPMCN ASC 2024 IN AMONGST IN NIGERIA Departments of Pathology and Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, 3Department of Chemical Pathology, University of State, Nigeria *E-mail: [email protected] Background: through of this been amongst the study the of the disease on this amongst Methods: This study was conducted in the Rivers State University Teaching amongst = with polymerase chain were and with and were at and followed on 4 and was using at P < Results: with had serum levels of the and and but serum levels of to the at diagnosis < these with of and was observed from 1 to but a of levels was observed < diagnosis amongst the a positive was between serum and all the < whereas was observed between and < Conclusion: These the negative of on the in of of is management. Keywords: NPMCN ASC 2024 IN AND Departments of and and Pathology, Teaching Hospital, 2Department of and State, Nigeria *E-mail: protected] Background: is of at on by significant of at in a of the of in a and by the to the Health is the of and and in This study serum in and in Methods: The study was carried out at the Department of and State. included and with all at of blood for was from the using a of serum was by a and serum was was using the between values were using the at P for statistically significant was from the research and Results: of the study were between the of and of these were The serum of was significantly low amongst the study group as to the control group Conclusion: The study a between low serum and of Keywords: serum NPMCN ASC 2024 AND ON AMONGST Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Parasitology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Parasitology, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria *E-mail: [email protected] Background: and are to various we the impact of these on amongst Methods: at the Rivers State University Teaching were the dose and followed 4 and were on the of the dose and 4 dose and 4 using serum was as or whereas was as or dose was as optimal or suboptimal was as P < Results: with both and = had levels dose = 4 dose = the and to the = dose = 4 dose = and the = dose = 4 dose = < The and were to optimal levels and P < 4 dose for Conclusion: and had a positive impact on Keywords: NPMCN ASC 2024 AND AMONGST IN Department of University College Hospital, Nigeria *E-mail: [email protected] health for the been in Nigeria. health to and on for health is the and of in the The study the and of health of amongst the in Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst of individuals in A total of were using sampling. were using a The questionnaire and of health and and were analysed using and to between and their and of health Results: A total of in the had of in the as disease and whereas had of of of were of whereas the to out these There was a significant between and of health and and of = Conclusion: Although of the had of in the the of of in was which is for of in health Keywords: NPMCN ASC 2024 IN Department of University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria *E-mail: [email protected] Background: have to in as This study and the clinical of in the management of Methods: This clinical study in management. in patients Type or Type using the at 1 and 3 was using were using the were analysed using test, and Results: A study of in patients and at the Type and Type with significant a significant of on clinical = with a and significant between The results both well in the with and is for long-term and the are for the of in Conclusion: Type and Type clinical and in with significant between the Keywords: NPMCN ASC 2024 AND IN A Uchechukwu 1Department of and of Sciences, University of Nigeria, 2Department of and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Nigeria *E-mail: [email protected] Background: of can from or have been by the as a in diagnosis and management. The study the clinical and pattern of of Methods: This is a clinical in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, of patients with between and were analysed using the The results were in and and was using the Results: of the patients with were and were Patients were whereas were giving a of The was The duration of before was months and 12 months for and respectively. The was the of for both and followed by the and as The was for and for was the treatment Conclusion: The observed pattern of clinical and of on to the management. Keywords: clinical NPMCN ASC 2024 A ON ON AND AMONGST IN for Medical Research and College of Medicine, University of College of Medicine, University of 3Department of and Medical of University of of Health and of College of Medicine, University of Departments of Microbiology and and of Sciences, College of Medicine, University of of and of Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, of of University, of Medicine, of Medicine, University, for for of Medicine, University, of of and of and Medicine, Unit, for Medical *E-mail: [email protected] Background: is and these are used to health amongst the in Africa and these to their on and amongst and This to the of and on and amongst in Methods: the and the research a and results. and for The on these and and from The and be using to and the be and in and Results: A of study study of study and be on to the these of used for or of and of towards from these to the Conclusion: This and associated amongst in by research as to in the Keywords: NPMCN ASC 2024 AMONGST IN A Department of Medicine, Medical 1Department of and College of Health Sciences, State University, State, Nigeria *E-mail: [email protected] Background: or been by with to is this study the prevalence, complications and of the of Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of participants and from Medical outpatients and their and A questionnaire was using sampling. was using the were significant at P < and a was from the Health Research Results: The was ± and were of the participants had had and were of of was were used by the for used by were of and as the or whereas of The in were and The side effects were and of side from a The of were had in the and had a condition in the Conclusion: patients on and of be Keywords: NPMCN ASC 2024 AND WITH AMONGST WITH IN NIGERIA P. P. Department of Medicine, Medical State, 1Department of University of Port Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria *E-mail: [email protected] Background: amongst is a health in of with are and are in environment with and The of the study was to determine the of and to amongst with in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on with from to in a in Nigeria. was using a and were with with with and with with was using the for Results: The of the study participants were = ± There were and of the study participants were with and and participants had and respectively. and and participants had normal at of and respectively. and participants had The of were = P = of = P = = P = normal = P = and = = Conclusion: The study shown a of amongst the study participants. The of were presence of normal and Keywords: NPMCN ASC 2024 AND FOR WITH AMONGST WITH IN NIGERIA P. P. Department of Medicine, Medical State, 1Department of University of Port Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria *E-mail: [email protected] Background: with and have become in the of with long-term and to with in environment with and for the of The of the study was to determine and as for amongst of with in Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study was on with from to in a in Nigeria. was using a and was with with and with for the was with and with the for was for the Results: The study participants were = ± There were and of the study participants were with = P = presence of = P = of = P = = P = and of and = P = amongst the study participants. Conclusion: The study shown a of amongst the study participants. was by presence of of and of and Keywords: Nigeria, NPMCN ASC 2024 AND IN A IN STATE, NIGERIA Department of Medicine, Medical State, Nigeria *E-mail: [email protected] Background: is a in in of Nigeria. is through and of State had a with from the of and in is in this Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study carried out a at a in State. questionnaire was Results: A total of participants were of the participants, were within the group of of the participants, were were and participants were of the and the of was from in participants. participants were of by the disease and as a of the participants poor of the disease and were of the disease had of the disease was significantly associated with participants were = P = and those as a = P < There was a statistically significant between poor of and poor = P < Conclusion: is low in The of for the disease in this study was of the poor and poor were and those as a had of the Keywords: NPMCN ASC 2024 FOR IN NIGERIA 1Department of and Medical of University of College of Medicine, University of of and of Sciences, University of for Medical Research and College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, 3Department of of University, of Medicine, of Medicine, University, of of and of and Medicine, Unit, of Medical *E-mail: [email protected] Background: the and of to and for as and are for of there are in amongst this were to the of Methods: This used from the and in in Nigeria study is a cross-sectional study on and of A total of were a and a The was used to the significant P < of by in a was in for the of Results: The identified 12 were significantly associated with and at < < and < The had of of and of Conclusion: This at and are for The can be used to the of in detection of the of of Keywords: NPMCN ASC 2024 A WITH AND A IN NIGERIA Department of Hospital, 1Department of and Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Hospital, State, Nigeria *E-mail: [email protected] Background: The of therapy a chronic and with are with in to with This study was aimed at the of of with Methods: This was a cross-sectional study amongst and of on were between and at the using the and of were using the test and with significant P < was from the Research of was from the and the participants and Results: The of the study was ± The was ± amongst with to ± amongst the control < with the control across all the physical There was a significant negative correlation between duration of and = and Conclusion: There is a low amongst of and are associated with with be with Keywords: of NPMCN ASC 2024 IN AND AMONGST IN AND IN Department of Medicine, Medical State, 1Department of Medicine, State University Teaching Hospital, State, 2Department of and Medicine, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria *E-mail: [email protected] Background: a of the health with patients and are at of health are on and aimed at Health the study on determining and the prevalence and associated with amongst in and health facilities in State. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst in and health facilities in of State. were using a random with a of across semi-structured was used to The test was used to test at P < Results: The of were and the was ± The prevalence of amongst in health facilities of was significantly the prevalence of in the health facilities = P = as of of on of and of health and poor significantly to in the health Conclusion: The prevalence of amongst in the was to the This is to the in the of the to were a case for to at from and to Keywords: Health NPMCN ASC 2024 AND CHILD WITH IN A RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA Department of Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, State University, 1Department of Port Port Harcourt, State, Nigeria *E-mail: [email protected] Background: and are to be associated with of This study aimed to assess and associated with the of in a of Rivers State. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst of months in Rivers State. with and from were used for The of the were used for the was from the Medical of and of used for The test was used to assess P at a was statistically significant. Results: A total of were between the of 21 and with a of ± A total of were between the of and with a of ± associated with were had had in a health and at The associated with were of or and a of the were were and were Conclusion: The proportion of with was was to the by the Health There is a to and and in the of Rivers State. Keywords: NPMCN ASC 2024 IN AND A 1Department of and Medicine, University of Port Harcourt, 2Department of Medicine, Health Research University of Port Teaching Hospital, of in Health and University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria *E-mail: [email protected] Background: Diabetes mellitus as a long-term condition with treatment and amongst patients to clinical The study the between treatment medication and treatment in diabetic patients in the University of Port Teaching Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods: The cross-sectional study consenting diabetic patients with Type or diabetic patients in the for at 2 months by sampling. treatment and treatment were using the and the was by fasting blood the or before the was from the and treatment were using and were by and were conducted using the and P was statistically significant. Results: The rate was and were and for the and respectively. were were had and had normal and were significantly associated with clinical = P = and = P = respectively. treatment was significantly linked to poor = P = Conclusion: patients treatment poor and poor treatment poor to treatment was but patients with treatment and positive clinical to improve and is in treatment results for diabetic Keywords: clinical treatment NPMCN ASC 2024 IN Atiba*, Akande1, P. Departments of Chemical Pathology and and Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, 1Department of Chemical Pathology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria *E-mail: [email protected] Background: is the globally. is used in some whereas in the of is used to the of the The may be in the of a or The of is to be as the of a and the of management is in Methods: in were were as A was used to necessary for in and were with of those in and those in Results: the of a were on in the were for the the to be the The was on and and as are by the of have of the of the was observed in those with as the and those of the as Conclusion: are at the of the decision-making for the and are in for the of of Keywords: NPMCN ASC 2024 ON AND IN A IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA Departments of and Rivers State University, Departments of and University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria *E-mail: [email protected] Background: is a of in which by with the at the and in This study aimed to clinical on their clinical at the Rivers State University University of Port and PAMO University of Medical in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional in the to of in and were by sampling. were using on on the groups of the were to and analysed using the Results: A total of with a of ± were and were their is with of poor by the with was by and Although were with the clinical had the was as by with of poor and for and in and physical were of their for and and had this Conclusion: in is and the this is as necessary in the improve the of clinical Keywords: Nigeria, NPMCN ASC 2024 FOR AND AMONGST IN AND College of Medicine, University of for Medical Research and College of Medicine, University of 3Department of of Sciences, University of of Health and of College of Medicine, University of Departments of Pathology, and and and of Sciences, College of Medicine, University of of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of of of Medical Sciences, University, State, Nigeria, of of and of and Medicine, Unit, for Medical *E-mail: [email protected] Background: have and and potential for and but is the and and in and the to and associated This study adults for and the in Methods: from and in in conducted amongst adults and adults in were analysed using to amongst the study Results: The study some participants to in was on the of to both as a to some dilemmas as of and the of before in on the were or their to be was used as a the of and the of and identified be through but was in to participants had for as a for Conclusion: was amongst this was and was was as with to for before their and within Keywords: and and NPMCN ASC 2024 AND IN PATIENTS A IN NIGERIA Department of Medicine, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria *E-mail: [email protected] Background: is a become health are in patients with chronic as are and the of chronic as and is of by This study aimed to determine the between and amongst patients with the of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study patients by systematic random sampling. for the study was from the of the Rivers State University Teaching were used to on the socio-demographic and of participants. The results were analysed using the for the Results: was in of the participants, and the prevalence of was participants with were to have to those with < was associated with levels of = Conclusion: is to and be in patients for and in patients for management and health Keywords: NPMCN ASC 2024 AND AMONGST WITH IN Samuel Department of Medicine, Medical State, 1Department of Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, State, Nigeria *E-mail: [email