Analysis of the structure and dynamics of epidemiological indicators of renal cell carcinoma in the world and Ukraine

Aim. To analyze the structure and dynamics of epidemiological indicators of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) worldwide and in Ukraine. Materials and methods. The study materials were publications in scientific journals, statistical reports of international and national health organizations, including data from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) and European Association of Urology databases, as well as data from the Ukrainian National Cancer Registry Bulletin and official statistics from various regions of Ukraine. The methods of content analysis, comparative, logical, analytical, mathematical, graphical methods, and generalization of information were used in the study. Results. According to the results of the analysis, it has been found that the incidence of RCC varies considerably around the world, with the highest rates in North America, Eastern and Northern Europe and the lowest in Africa and South Asia. In the United States, about 79,000 new cases of RCC are registered annually, while in Europe, 145,000 cases were reported in 2022. In Ukraine, 3,544 people fell ill with RCC in 2022, of whom 1,238 died. The highest number of cases of RCC was observed in men (2126 cases versus 1418 among women). Among the new cases of RCC in 2022, 20.3 % of patients did not live more than one year. It has been determined that there is heterogeneity in the incidence of RCC in different regions of Ukraine. Thus, the largest number of reported cases of RCC (absolute value) in 2022 was observed in Dnipro (344 cases), Lviv (313 cases) regions and the city of Kyiv (234 cases). The lowest number of new cases of renal malignancies was recorded in the temporarily occupied areas from the active hostilities zone (Luhansk, Donetsk, Kherson regions), as well as in Mykolaiv (39 cases) and Chernivtsi (68 cases) regions. The regional differences identified in the morbidity and mortality of patients with RCC may be due to various factors, including, first of all, epidemiological, socio-demographic, and medical factors. Conclusions. It has been determined that RCC occupies a significant position in the structure of morbidity and mortality among different age and gender groups of the population both in Ukraine and in the world. In general, there is an increase in the number of cases of RCC among both men and women in the world with a significant predominance among men. It has been found that the dynamics of morbidity in Ukraine has a heterogeneous trend with an increase in the number of cases in 2019 compared to 2018; at the same time, a significant decrease in 2020 and 2022 compared to previous years. The study of the data on epidemiological indicators of RCC will further expand the possibilities for evaluating medical technologies and, accordingly, forming directions for improving existing approaches to pharmacotherapy for this group of patients in Ukraine.