ANÁLISE MOLECULAR PARA PESQUISA DO PAPILOMAVÍRUS HUMANO (HPV) PELA REAÇÃO DE HIBRIDIZAÇÃO IN SITU

Cervical cancer is a public health problem, as it has a high incidence of mortality in the country. In parallel, there is head and neck cancer, the sixth most common type. Although rare, vulvar cancer has a worldwide incidence of approximately 1.8/100,000 women. In addition to these, there is penile cancer which, although it is also a rare disease, has gradually increased in the country. Although all these cancers are very different and have their own particularities, they all have something in common, which is related to the risk factor for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPV has a systematic classification of five genera (α, β, γ, μ and ν), 48 species and 206 types. The molecular diagnosis of HPV infection is essential for screening the virus and is mainly based on methods such as in situ hybridization. Therefore, in this study it will be possible to estimate the most common HPV subtypes, the pathophysiological process, the risk factors, the diagnosis related to the best methods for HPV detection. Such data were collected from articles analyzed in the literature. The initial objective of the project having as its theme: “Molecular analysis for research on human papillomavirus (HPV) by in situ hybridization reaction”. The research project went through the following stages: choosing the research topic; elaboration of the guiding hypothesis; selection of descriptors; search for primary studies in databases; selection, evaluation and synthesis of results. The search for studies took place from May 2022 to January 2023, on the platforms: Virtual Health Library (VHL), PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Cochrane. The exclusion criteria include Update articles, Comments, Summaries, Letters to the Editor, Dissertations, Theses and paid productions. The eligibility criteria were studies published in journals in different languages (English, Portuguese, Spanish) targeting the study on molecular in situ hybridization, some selected studies discussed the pathophysiology and most frequent subtypes of HPV infection, as well as the main pathologies as a result of virus infection. Furthermore, from this study, it was possible to highlight the importance of early diagnosis, since cervical cancer diagnosed early alters the prognosis of the disease, thus the study of HPV triggers major repercussions on the outcome of the disease, as it is the main factor risk for the development of cervical cancer and numerous other pathologies.