An Assessment of KAP Towards LTBI in Under-5 Children among Physicians Treating Adult/Adolescent TB Patients in Dhaka City

<i>Introduction:</i> LTBI is the precursor to TB, making early detection and treatment of infected children vital to preventing pediatric morbidity and mortality. This study assesses the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of physicians treating adult and adolescent TB patients in managing LTBI among under-5 children in Dhaka. <i>Aim of the study:</i> The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of physicians treating adult and adolescent tuberculosis patients in Dhaka City regarding the diagnosis and management of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in under-5 children. <i>Methods: </i>This six-month cross-sectional, semi-qualitative study was conducted from January to June 2020 at the Department of Paediatrics in five Dhaka hospitals, involving 50 physicians treating adult and adolescent TB patients. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires, with consent obtained, and qualitative responses categorized and scored using SPSS Version 25.0. <i>Result: </i>Among 50 physicians, most were aged 30-39, and 62% had recent TB training. Knowledge of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) was limited, with only 14% accurately defining it, while 88% acknowledged isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) availability. Only 12% inquired about family members of pulmonary TB patients, and 10% asked about under-five children. A significant 80% had no involvement in managing LTBI in children, with just 6% prescribing IPT. Additionally, 84% believed IPT could cause drug resistance, and those with recent training scored higher in knowledge. <i>Conclusion: </i>This KAP study identifies key barriers to LTBI tracing and IPT/TPT implementation in children under five, emphasizing the need for structured training to enhance physician practices.