DECENTRALIZED ELECTRICITY SYSTEMS AS COMPONENT IMPLEMENTATIONS OF THE "SMART GRIDS" CONCEPT

The global decarbonization goals have caused a series of fundamental changes in the power systems in developed countries. New approaches and concepts for constructing modernized electrical grids are needed to increase energy systems' efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. Ukraine`s energy sector is in particular need of new approaches to the construction of power supply systems with the introduction of renewable sources and distributed sources. According to the Roadmap Concept for the Implementation of the "Smart Grid", the restoration of facilities damaged by Russian attacks will be carried out using "smart" technologies. Transactive energy is a new approach for efficient and reliable integration of distributed energy resources and meeting the demands of electricity consumers. Another variant of the new energy organization of the future is the Internet of Energy – a type of decentralized power supply system where intelligent distributed management is implemented. The article presents an overview and analysis of transactive energy and the Internet of Energy, the concept of building an energy system based on energy cells. Such systems are decentralized, can work without a network, and satisfy the needs of consumers due to the optimal use of energy from distributed energy resources (renewable sources, distributed sources, and storage systems). Transactive energy can be considered a free Internet-enabled electricity market, where all participants can safely trade at a reasonable price and with real-time calculations. The operation of a decentralized transactive system in steady-state and transient modes of operation has been demonstrated, as an example. The considered construction of the power system corresponds to the concept of "smart grids", showing a high potential for implementation in Ukraine, which will increase the share of RES, accelerate decarbonization, increase the stability and reliability of the power system of Ukraine, and lead to the development of local electricity markets. Keywords: Internet of energy, transactive energy, energy cell, renewable energy sources, distributed generation, smart grid, decarbonisation.