A History of Learned Courtesy: Habsburg-Ottoman Diplomatic Encounters in the 17th Century (1606–83)

Abstract This article discusses the historical development of Ottoman-Habsburg diplomatic interactions in the 17th century with an emphasis on etiquette and formal appelations. It provides an account of diplomatic encounters between the Porte and the Hofburg, based on the cases of important envoys and ambassadors exchanged by them throughout the century. The study places particular emphasis on the formal exchange of diplomatic representatives along the Ottoman-Austrian Habsburg border, as elaborated by officials from both states after tactful disputations. It also pays due attention to ceremonial proceedings towards imperial emissaries at the Sublime Porte and the political implications of gift exchange between the two courts during diplomatic encounters. By using a wide range of academic literature and narrative and archival sources, the article sheds light on progressive change in the prevailing practices in 17th-century Ottoman-Habsburg diplomatic relations, which are furthermore juxtaposed with those of the previous century.