Effects of positive and negative cyberloafing on safety behaviors and occupational incidents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Bayesian network analysis

<i>Objectives</i>. The purpose of this study is to determine the causal relationships among positive and negative cyberloafing dimensions, safety behaviors and occupational incidents among hospital employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. <i>Methods.</i> Data were obtained from 210 healthcare employees working in public hospitals in Turkey. The data were analyzed using Bayesian network analysis. This study examines the factors that have the most significant impact on occupational incidents through Bayesian belief updating. <i>Results</i>. The findings demonstrated that 28.7% of the sample experienced occupational incidents. Safety behaviors had the strongest impact on occupational incidents. When recovery (66.2%) and developmental cyberloafing (53.1%) are high, and deviant (64.3%) and addictive cyberloafing (35.6%) are low, the probability of safety behaviors increases (79.6%) and occupational incidents decrease. The development dimension of positive cyberloafing and the deviance dimension of negative cyberloafing had the greatest impact on hospital employees' safety behaviors and occupational incidents. <i>Conclusions</i>. Minor/positive cyberloafing behaviors have a high impact on safety behaviors and occupational incidents, whereas major/negative cyberloafing behaviors have a low impact. Therefore, the hospital administration should specifically control deviant and addictive cyberloafing behaviors. Furthermore, the analysis results recommend that managers consider allowing some positive cyberloafing behaviors to reduce occupational incidents.