Perspectives of chiral nanophotonics: from mechanisms to biomedical applications

In this review, we examine nanophotonic techniques for enhancing and detecting chirality, with a focus on plasmon-enhanced, tip-enhanced, chiral optical cavities, and photothermal approaches. These methods, which are based on light-matter interactions, provide high sensitivity with challenges in identifying their mechanisms. We discuss recent biomedical applications, emphasizing the potential of nanophotonics in enabling cost-effective and rapid diagnosis with improved chiral signal detection. The review highlights the future potential of chiral nanophotonics in biomedical applications.