Two-factor Mutual Authentication with Fingerprint and MAC Address Validation

Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANET), unlike typical wireless networks, may be used spontaneously without the need for centralized management or network environment. Mobile nodes act as mediators to help multi-hop communications in such networks, and most instances, they are responsible for all connectivity tasks. MANET is a challenging endeavor because these systems can be attacked, which can harm the network. As a result, security concerns become a primary factor for these types of networks. This article aims to present an efficient two-factor smart card-based passcode authentication technique for securing legitimate users on an unprotected network. This scheme enables the password resetting feature. A secured mechanism for sharing keys is offered by using the hash function. We present a new two-factor mutual authentication technique based on an entirely new mechanism called the virtual smart card. Compared to authentication, the proposed method has fewer computation processes but is more time efficient since it is based on a hash function. Additionally, this approach is resistant to most attacker behaviors, such as Mutual authentication, Gateway node bypassing attacks, DoS attacks, replay attacks, Man in the middle attacks, and stolen smart device attacks. Experimental results validate the efficiency of this scheme, and its security is also analyzed.