Orthodontic Treatment Need and Its Relation to Gender, Oral Hygiene, and Age Range in a Mexican Population

Introduction Malocclusion, a prevalent oral health concern, significantly impacts both functional abilities and psychosocial well-being. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) is widely used to assess malocclusion severity and orthodontic treatment needs. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of orthodontic treatment needs based on the DAI in a Mexican population, considering factors such as gender, oral hygiene, and age range. Materials and methods This retrospective observational study analyzed 639 patient records from the Orthodontics and Dentomaxillofacial Orthopedics postgraduate program at the Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico. The DAI was used to assess malocclusion severity, and patients were classified into four categories based on their scores. Data on gender, oral hygiene, and age were also collected and analyzed. Results The results showed no significant association between DAI levels and gender, oral hygiene, or age range. However, a significant association was found between missing teeth and higher DAI scores (OR = 8.9), maxillary irregularity (OR = 8.6), and open bite (OR = 4.9). The prevalence of severe malocclusion (DAI ≥ 36) was notably high, affecting over 50% of the study population. Discussion The findings align with previous studies that highlight the influence of structural irregularities such as open bite and maxillary irregularities on severe malocclusion. While no significant associations were found with gender, oral hygiene, or age, the high prevalence of severe malocclusion underscores the need for early orthodontic intervention in Mexican populations. Conclusion This study demonstrates a high prevalence of severe malocclusion in a Mexican population and highlights the importance of addressing structural dental irregularities to prevent long-term complications. These findings emphasize the need for accessible orthodontic care and early screening programs.