Gerenciando riscos em salas de vacina: um estudo de segurança em Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Salvador, BA

Introduction: The risks in vaccination rooms imply not only damage to users, but also to vaccination coverage. Objective: to analyze structural conditions and factors that facilitate and hinder risk management in vaccine rooms. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the vaccination rooms of the Basic Health Units (UBS) of a health district in Salvador, BA. Data collection: form for interview with the responsible professional and on-site observation of these services. The following were analyzed: physical-structural conditions; care for the refrigeration chamber and thermal boxes; Nursing conduct; and training of professionals. Results: 91.3% vaccination rooms were studied. These services operate in exclusive spaces; immunobiologicals stored in refrigerated chambers. Vaccines are packaged and used according to the expiration date. Professional team: one nurse and two nursing technicians were present in 66.6% of the rooms; the hand hygiene practice of the professionals was 76.1%. Nursing team training was observed in 19%, annual training in 14.2%, and participation in scientific events in 19%. Of the 21 vaccine rooms, 5 (23.8%) had adequate risk management practices, 14 (66.6%) had risk management practices requiring adjustment, and 2 (9.6%) had inadequate risk management. Statistical correlation was identified between risk management practices and individual items from the categories analyzed to ratify the good practices in the vaccination room presented here. Conclusion: This study highlights inadequacies in vaccination rooms and the need to review work processes, as well as to incorporate systematic strategies for managing the numerous risks related to these services, to guarantee user safety.