Metaphor and Symbolism in the Language of the Quran: A Linguistic Study on the Concept of Tauhid (Analysis of Surah al-Fatihah)

This study aims to delve into the profound meanings and functions of metaphor and symbolism in Surah al-Fatihah, particularly in the context of the concept of tauhid (monotheism) in Islam. Given the urgency of comprehending a sacred text that is frequently recited yet not fully understood theologically by many Muslims, this research seeks to bridge the gap between ritualistic practice and deep theological understanding. The methodology employed is linguistic analysis, integrating Lakoff and Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory alongside Sperber and Wilson’s relevance theory to interpret the theological symbolism and linguistic use in this surah. The findings indicate that Surah al-Fatihah employs metaphor and symbolism not only to convey the fundamental principles of Islam but also to strengthen Muslims' understanding and belief in the concept of tauhid. This surah contains profound linguistic layers that facilitate comprehension of the oneness of Allah, divine justice, and human dependence on divine power through its rich linguistic structure and careful word choice. The discussion reveals that the metaphor and symbolism in Surah al-Fatihah are not merely aesthetic elements but also serve as powerful educational tools to deepen spiritual and theological understanding. As a recommendation, it is suggested that Islamic religious education place greater emphasis on linguistic analysis in interpreting sacred texts. This would not only enhance theological understanding but also reinforce the spiritual and intellectual connection of believers to the teachings of Islam.