Advances in Ophthalmic Organ-on-a-Chip Models: Bridging Translational Gaps in Disease Modeling and Drug Screening

Background: Organ-on-a-chip models have emerged as transformative tools in ophthalmology, offering physiologically relevant platforms for studying ocular diseases and testing therapeutic interventions. These microfluidic devices replicate human eye tissue architecture, addressing limitations of traditional in vitro and animal models. Methods: A narrative review of recent advancements in organ-on-a-chip technology was conducted, focusing on models simulating ocular structures like the retina and cornea and their applications in studying diseases such as dry eye disease (DED), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and glaucoma. Results: Advanced organ-on-a-chip models successfully mimic key ocular features, providing insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic responses. Innovations in microengineering and cellular integration have enhanced these platforms’ translational potential, though challenges like scalability and regulatory validation persist. Conclusions: Organ-on-a-chip models are poised to enhance preclinical research and clinical applications in ophthalmology. Addressing scalability and regulatory hurdles will be key to unlocking their full potential in drug discovery and disease modeling.