Enhancing vocational education through digital training materials: A case study on CNC lathe training

Abstract. This study investigates the effect of virtual reality (VR)-based and interactive training materials on practical and academic achievements in computer numerical control (CNC) lathe training. To this end, VR and interactive training materials were developed for tasks involving cutting tool measurement and defining a workpiece zero-point. Sixteen students, all without prior VR or CNC lathe experience, were divided into experimental and control groups. Participants were subjected to traditional and digital-based training methods, and their practical and academic performances were subsequently analyzed. The findings revealed that VR-based digital training materials significantly enhanced students' success and reduced the training time in CNC lathe training. Furthermore, the accessibility of materials at students' convenience through interactive educational content reduces educational costs, facilitates learning processes, and contributes to environmental sustainability.