Orbital-angular-momentum-based object detection using uniform circular-frequency diverse array

Beams carrying Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) have garnered significant attention in the fields of radar and communications. However, traditional methods of generating OAM beams, such as the spiral phase plate and phased arrays, are limited to the sequential generation of corresponding modal OAM beams. This paper proposes a novel, highly efficient method for generating intra-pulse time-varying OAM beams leveraging the Uniform Circular-Frequency Diverse Array (UC-FDA). Furthermore, the paper introduces an object detection method utilizing a single OAM pulse, based on linear frequency modulation signals. Range measurements are achieved through the use of multiple matched filtering techniques for pulse compression. Subsequently, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is applied to extract azimuthal information of targets. The performance of the proposed method for range and azimuth angle measurements are analyzed, with simulations demonstrating the validity.