PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS OF PAPILLEDEMA DEVELOPMENT ON PREECLAMPSIA

Preeclampsia is a multisystem disease that can include cardiovascular changes, hematological disorders, liver and kidney failure, cerebral and visual symptoms. Currently, the presence of papilledema in preeclampsia characterizes the disease as severe. However, it is likely that the presence of papilledema does not always characterize vasogenic cerebral edema with increased intracranial pressure. The formation of blurred borders and papilledema may also be associated with impaired autoregulation in the head of the optic disc due to increased blood pressure and the presence of endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia. It is also important to differentiate the true papilledema from the pseudopapilledema. The study carried out a detailed systematic analysis of modern domestic and foreign literature, devoted to the pathogenetic mechanisms of papilledema development in preeclampsia. The study used such information databases as: eLibrary, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE for the period from 2015 to May 2024. This literature review presents possible pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of papilledema against on preeclampsia, as well as modern approaches to the differential diagnosis of papilledema from pseudopapilledema. Further study of the pathogenetic mechanisms of papilledema development in hypertensive pregnancy disorders is necessary to identify high-risk patients and optimize their management and treatment tactics.