Role of Local Therapy for Metastatic Gastrointestinal Malignancies

Abstract Oligometastatic disease is an increasingly recognized intermediate tumor state between locally confined and widely metastatic cancer. Oligometastatic gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies represent a heterogeneous spectrum of disease, and treatment strategies are tailored to each patient and are impacted by multiple factors. Recent advances in systemic therapies, imaging techniques, and local treatment modalities have revolutionized cancer treatment and present new opportunities to improve outcomes in patients with a limited burden of metastatic disease. However, there is currently a lack of consensus and robust literature to guide patient selection and treatment strategies, including the optimal role and timing of local therapies as adjuncts to standard-of-care systemic therapy. The intent of this review is to comprehensively discuss the role of local therapies in the modern management of oligometastatic GI malignancies.