Evaluation of Therapeutic Activity of Physalis angulata (In Vitro Studies)

Article Evaluation of Therapeutic Activity of Physalis angulata (In Vitro Studies) Md. Shahlal 1, As-Sazzad Mahmud 1,2,*, Rahul Dev Bairagi 2, Dipa Debnath 2, Barsha Sarker Nipa 3, Raiyan Rahman Reon 2, Rony Ahmed 4, Tawhidur Rahman 5, Shankar Sharma 6 and Amit Kumar Acharzo 2 1 Department of Pharmacy, Dhaka International University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh 2 Pharmacy Discipline, School of Life Sciences, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh 3 Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh 4 Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh 5 Department of Pharmacy, Northern University of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh 6 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Basic Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Science & Technology Chittagong (USTC), Chattogram 4202, Bangladesh * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +880-1521305611 Received: 19 September 2024; Revised: 14 October 2024; Accepted: 25 October 2024; Published: 27 November 2024 Abstract: Physalis angulata L. family Solanaceae, commonly known as ground cherry, cape gooseberry, or bladder cherry, has a long history of traditional use in various regions around the world. The primary goal of this study is to investigate the different pharmacological effects produced by the ethanolic leaf extracts of Physalis angulata. The leaf extract was prepared in two different dosages: 250 mg/kg body weight and 500 mg/kg body weight, which were administered according to the body weight of the mice. In yeast-induced pyrexia in mice, after 4 h, positive control (Paracetamol 150 mg/kg), Physalis angulata 250 mg/kg, Physalis angulata 500 mg/kg expressed temperature were 98.78 ± 0.051 °F, 97.4 ± 0.213 °F and 96.56 ± 0.177 °F respectively. In the evaluation of acetic acid-induced peripheral analgesic activity, P. angulata extract exhibited 43% and 63% inhibition of writhing at 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Whereas the standard Diclofenac-Na inhibited 76% at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight. In castor oil-induced diarrhea, plant extract inhibited defecation by 59.65% at 250 mg/kg body weight and 72.45% at 500 mg/kg b.w., whereas standard loperamide at a dose of 3 mg/kg b.w. inhibited 83.50% of defecation. Ethanolic extract of Physalis angulata at the dose of 300 mg/kg, 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg showed average weight 21.2 ± 1.56 gm, 21.8 ± 0.82 gm and 24.45 ± 1.51 gm respectively at 2nd day. The disc diffusion method has been adopted for the evaluation of antimicrobial activity. The ethanolic extracts of Physalis angulata leaf exhibited inhibitory activity against fourteen strains, including Bacillus megaterium, Salmonella paratyphi, Candida aibicans, Vibrio mimicus, and Staphylococcus aureus.