Crystallization behavior of smelting slag for recovery of platinum group metals from spent automotive catalysts and preparation of foamed glass-ceramics

Spent automotive catalysts (SAC), as a significant secondary resource for platinum group metals (PGMs), can be recovered on a large scale through high-temperature smelting. Besides, as a byproduct, the glass slag lacks high-value applications. This paper proposes a recyclable method to convert slag, graphite powder (GP), and ferric oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) into foamed glass-ceramics through low-temperature sintering, significantly reducing environmental impacts and production costs. Non-isothermal differential thermal analysis was used to explore the transition and crystallization temperature range, transition kinetic, crystallization kinetic, and crystallization behavior of the glass slag. Furthermore, the influence of the foaming agent composition and heat treatment temperature on the physical properties, chemical resistance, and mechanical properties of the foamed glass-ceramics was investigated. Foamed glass-ceramics composed of 60wt% slag-30wt% Fe 2 O 3 -10wt% GP exhibited the excellent properties of a geometric density of 1.43 g/cm 3 , a volumetric water absorption of 26.32%, a compressive strength of 8.08 MPa, and a mass loss of 3.56% in strong acid and 0.08% in strong alkali after low temperature heat treatment at 1160°C. This study provides an insight into transforming low-value waste into high-performance foamed glass-ceramics.