Bioremediation of the toxic effects induced by the malachite green dye in Clarias gariepinus using Rhodotorula mucilaginosa

The discharge and accumulation of malachite green dye in water can pose several risks. This research focuses on studying the safety use of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa MH298827 in the remediation of polluted water with malachite green. Twenty-four Clarias gariepinus fish that acclimatization for 4 weeks in a lab setting were divided into four groups, each group was exposed to 0.25mg/1 for 15 days to one of the following treatment ( control without any treatment , malachite green, remediation water by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa MH298827 and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa MH298827 ). Different Parameters were measured in Clarias gariepinus fish after exposure: The Microbiota (bacterial loads and fungal percentage of occurrence) was examined and counted on one gram of Clarias gariepinus' s skin, gills, and intestine. The hematological and biochemical characteristics were measured by drawing blood from the caudal vein of six fish from each group which were chosen randomly and given ice anesthesia. The levels of the liver antioxidant indicators superoxide dismutase, Catalase, and glutathione S-transferase were determined after keeping liver tissue at − 80 °C, homogenized in phosphate buffer (0.1 M pH 7.4) , then filtrated, the supernatant was used for analysis after centrifuging for 10 minutes at 4°C and 1600 rpm. The erythrocytes with abnormalities and altered morphology were recognized and counted in five fields (about 1500 cells of each fish group) after fixed the smears were in absolute methanol for ten seconds and allowed to dry at room temperature, and the slides were dehydrated in progressively higher alcohol grades and then blood stained with hematoxylin and eosin Ultimately, DPX permanently mounted the slides after they had been cleaned with xylene.