Association betweenReproductive Hormone Levels and ATG5 gene Expression with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Pre- and Postmenopausal Iraqi Women

The most common endocrine condition in women of reproductive age is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Syndrome of Polycystic Ovaries in premenopausal women is characterized by polycystic ovaries, dysmenorrhea, and hyperandrogenism.Women often experience infertility due to the hormonal imbalance linked to polycystic ovarian syndrome, which has detrimental effects on their physical, mental, and social well-being.This study aims to survey the biochemical markers of some hormones in polycystic ovary syndrome, such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, estradiol, and testosterone in the blood of residents of Dhi Qar city with polycystic ovary syndrome (polycystic ovary syndrome). Bioinformatics software predicted the ATG5-binding microRNA, and the dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to determine their targeting relationship. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of ATG5 in the ovary. For this purpose, the blood serum consisting of 106 samples will be divided into (55, 25, and 26) pre-menopausal patients, post-menopausal patients, and a healthy control group, respectively.According to the results, the average serum LH levels were higher in both groups of patients compared with healthy controls, and the difference was significant (P = 0.001). In postmenopausal patients, the mean serum FSH levels were significantly greater (P = 0.001) than in the other groups. While both patient groups' average serum prolactin levels were lower than those of the healthy controls, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.396). The average serum estradiol levels were significantly lower (p<0.01) in postmenopausal patients compared to the other groups. The average ATG5 gene expression was significantly increased (p<0.01) in both groups of patients compared with healthy controls.