Evaluation of the Effects of Thermal Aging on the Surface Roughness of Novel Tooth-Colored Restorative Materials

<b>Background:</b> The development of composite resins has led to novel materials aimed at improving restoration longevity. This study evaluates the surface roughness of four tooth-colored restorative materials after thermal aging. <b>Methods:</b> Eighty Class V preparations were restored with Admira Fusion, Beautifil II, Equia Forte HT, and Filtek. The samples underwent thermocycling, and their surface roughness was measured with a 3D non-contact profilometer at 24 h post-restoration and after simulation for 1, 3, and 5 clinical years. <b>Results:</b> Equia Forte HT showed the highest surface roughness and significant surface deterioration over time, while Admira Fusion maintained the lowest roughness across all intervals. <b>Conclusions:</b> Admira Fusion, Filtek, and Beautifil II demonstrated superior surface stability, with Equia Forte HT showing the least favorable performance.