Protectionism and Sanctions Policy of the USA towards the Gas Industry of the Russian Federation in the Period 2014–2022

We studied the impact of US protectionism and sanctions policy on the Russian gas industry in the period 2014–2022. Information on global energy production and the level of natural gas production in various countries for 2014–2022 was taken from the database of the international research company Enerdata. Statistical indicators of the activities of PJSC Gazprom were extracted from the organisation’s annual statistical reports. During the statistical analysis, a database was created, growth rates, total and proportional values were determined, and a correlation and regression analysis was conducted. It was established that the leading countries in gas production in 2014–2022 were the USA and the Russian Federation. The average annual increase in gas production in the above observation period was 4.4 % in the USA and 1.3 % in the Russian Federation Restrictions on the access of Russian natural gas to global markets led to an increase in the share of gas produced in the USA in global energy production by 0.97 % (from 5.05 % in 2014–2018 to 6.02% in 2019–2022), the Russian Federation’s indicators were 4.36 and 4.58 % respectively (an increase of 0.22 %). Diversification of gas imports from the Russian Federation to friendly countries is hampered by insufficient pipeline capabilities, sanctions on the supply of equipment for the development of gas liquefaction capacities, and the growth of their own gas production. In China, the average annual increase in natural gas production in 2014–2022 was 6.8 %. A targeted policy to stimulate domestic gas demand in the Russian Federation as a response to restrictions on foreign markets has made it possible to achieve an average annual increase in gas consumption in our country of 1.2 %. Thus,the US sanctions protectionism slows down the development of the gas industry in the Russian Federation and allows the US to fill the vacant niche in the global gas market.