Prediction of the Specific Energy of Supercapacitors with Polymeric Materials Using Advanced Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Supercapacitor/pseudocapacitor structures with electrodes and electrolytes based on conductive polymers, but not only, have been analyzed using <b>advanced molecular dynamics simulation</b> techniques. Results indicated in the literature were used to confirm the results obtained for the specific capacitance and energetic performances of the systems. New material classes like Polymer-MXene electrodes ((PANI)/Ti₃C₂, PFDs/Ti₃C₂T<i>_x</i>) present increased capacitance in comparison with simple polymeric composites (PETC or PTh). Combinations of polymers and metallic oxide, like PANI/V₂O₅, present high capacitance, but new variants can provide improved performance. Different techniques, like electrode doping, adding different salts in the electrolyte (gel electrolyte), and using porous electrodes, can also improve performance. Steps for the non-invasive simulation method with HFSS (Ansys) are defined, and the materials are described at the molecular level as well as the interactions between atomic groups. Macroscopic properties of the system are determined (conductivity, specific energy) and represented on parametric graphs. A complex set of parameters is varied in order to optimize the structures through parameter correlation. Different stages of correlation are considered in order to establish the final sample design and improve energetic performance. An increase of about 8-28% can be obtained concerning the specific energy of the supercapacitor. Prediction, design, atypical behavior, and resonance are addressed using this technique.