Nanomaterial‐Mediated Modulation of TRPV1 Ion Channels for Biomedical Applications

Abstract Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) is a nonselective cation channel involved in various physiological processes such as pain perception, thermoregulation, and inflammatory responses. Nanomaterials have emerged as precise tools to modulate TRPV1 activity, offering high spatiotemporal resolution and specificity. These nanomaterials act as transducers, responding to internal or external stimuli such as pH, light, electric, and magnetic fields to deliver modulatory agents like agonists, antagonists, heat, reactive species, and mechanical forces to TRPV1 channels. This strategy enables non‐invasive and targeted therapeutic interventions for diseases associated with TRPV1 dysfunction. In this review, recent advances are highlighted in nanomaterial‐mediated TRPV1 modulation and its biomedical applications. The TRPV1 structure and activation mechanisms, the integration of nanomaterials for effective TRPV1 modulation, and the required material properties are covered. Moreover, biomedical applications are discussed, including neurostimulation, neurological disorder therapies, cancer therapies, metabolic disease treatments, and cardiovascular disease interventions. Future research directions and challenges in this field are also proposed.