Experimental Study on Enhanced Oil Recovery of Shallow Super-Heavy Oil in the Late Stage of the Multi-Cycle Huff and Puff Process

The shallow, thin super-heavy oil reservoir demonstrates certain characteristics, such as shallow reservoir depths, low-formation temperature, and high crude oil viscosity at reservoir temperatures. In the current production process, the central area of P601 is undergoing high-frequency huff and puff operations, facing certain problems such as decreasing production, low recovery rates, and rapid depletion of formation pressure. Through physical simulation experiments, the various elements of HDNS-enhanced oil recovery technology were analyzed. Nitrogen plus an oil-soluble viscosity reducer can improve the thermal recovery and development effect of super-heavy oil. With the addition of the viscosity-reducing slug, the recovery rate of steam flooding was 58.61%, which was 23.32% higher than that of pure steam flooding; after adding the 0.8 PV nitrogen slug, the recovery rate increased to 76.48%. With the increased nitrogen injection dosage, the water breakthrough time was extended, the water cut decreased, and the recovery rate increased. Nitrogen also plays a role in profile control and plugging within the reservoir; this function can effectively increase the heating range, increase steam sweep efficiency, and reduce water cut. So, the synergistic effects of steam, nitrogen, and viscosity-reducing agents are good. This technology enhances the development of shallow-layer heavy oil reservoirs, and subsequent development technologies are being compared and studied to ensure the sustainable development of super-heavy oil reservoirs.