Systematic Literature Review of ICT Integration in Teaching and Learning

The integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in teaching and learning (T&L) has become a necessity as part of 21st century learning. However, the present literature shows that the level of ICT skills and usage among teachers is still low. Therefore, this systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to examine the challenges in ICT integration in T&L and identify elements in integrating ICT. The articles for the SLR were obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. Out of the 103 articles extracted, only 14 were retained for the SLR based on the exclusion and inclusion criteria. All articles were published between 2017 and 2021. The articles reviewed highlighted that teachers face many challenges ranging from professionalism, expert teaching staff, lack of competency, constraints due to school regulation, cyber threats, limited facilities and access, as well as changes in teaching practices. The review also found three main elements in the integration of ICT in school which are teaching materials, digital learning work culture. These two findings imply that there are still gaps in research on the integration of ICT into T&L. In general, this SLR provides valuable information for teachers to help them diversify T&L practices.