Advancements and Future Prospects in the Hydraulic Fracturing of Geothermal Reservoirs

Reservoir reconstruction is a critical challenge in many significant underground energy projects, such as enhanced geothermal systems, oil shale extraction, and shale gas development. Effectively reconstructing geothermal reservoirs can significantly enhance the exploitation and production capacity of geothermal resources. However, this process requires stringent technical standards and varies with different geological conditions across regions, necessitating tailored reconstruction strategies. This review offers a comprehensive examination of hydraulic fracturing within geothermal reservoirs, covering the geological and physical characteristics inherent to these systems, the effects of injection methods and thermal stimulation on hydraulic fracturing processes, and the assessment and optimization of transformation effects, as well as environmental implications and risk management considerations. We explore the influence of various injection modes on hydraulic fracturing dynamics. Moreover, we compare the differences between hydraulic fracture propagation with and without thermal effects. Additionally, we summarize optimization strategies for reservoir reconstruction. Finally, we discuss several challenges and potential future directions for development, offering insights into possible advancements. This review is of substantial significance for both research and commercial applications related to hydraulic fracturing in geothermal reservoirs.