Inferior-to-Superior Dissection for Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Identification in Redo Thyroid Surgery: Enhanced Safety and Reduced Injuries

<b>Background:</b> Hoarseness due to recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury is the most feared complication of thyroid surgery. Scars and anatomical changes caused by previous surgeries make finding the RLN during redo thyroid surgeries difficult. We aimed to analyze the results of the inferior-to-superior dissection technique that we applied to find the RLN in redo surgeries. <b>Methods:</b> We analyzed the results of 40 consecutive redo thyroidectomy cases in which the inferior-to-superior nerve dissection technique was used to identify the RLN. We compared this cohort with primary thyroidectomies using a lateral-to-medial approach to determine the reliability of this technique. <b>Results:</b> Most patients were women (80%), and the mean age was 48.1 years. The ASA score was mostly 2. In total, 25% of the patients had a preoperative diagnosis of malignancy. A total of 8 of the patients underwent unilateral surgery and 32 underwent bilateral surgeries. Two patients had previous recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (RLNP), but one of them underwent contralateral surgery. Permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis developed in only 2 of 71 RLNs at risk (2.8%). Complications classified as Clavien-Dindo 3 and above were observed in 12.5% of our patients during the early postoperative period. The transient hypocalcemia rate was 7.5%, and the permanent hypocalcemia rate was 5%. A 2.8% unilateral RLPN rate was detected, but bilateral RLNP was not observed. All of the complications were not observed to be statistically different among those who underwent primary thyroidectomy. <b>Conclusions:</b> The inferior-to-superior nerve dissection approach is a beneficial technique in redo thyroidectomy for preserving RLNP. Surgeons should keep this technique in mind to prevent hoarseness.