Recent Advances and Challenges in Multi-Photon 3D Nanoprinting

Multi-photon three-dimensional (3D) nanoprinting technology, renowned for its 3D processing capability and nanoscale resolution beyond the diffraction limit, has garnered significant attention in the micro/nano-additive manufacturing field. This technology finds widespread applications in optics, biology, and mechanical engineering research. However, its broader adoption in industrial production and applications has been hindered by limitations such as relatively slow processing speed and restricted material formability and functionality. This paper presents the latest advancements in multi-photon 3D nanoprinting, with a focus on analyzing optical methods to enhance the processing speed of scanning and projection techniques. Additionally, it examines issues related to the formability and functionality of commonly used photosensitive materials, including organic polymers, inorganic compounds, and composite materials. In conclusion, this paper offers a comprehensive summary from the perspectives of productivity, cost, materials, and cross-scale processing, along with proposed routes and future directions.