Load modeling of electric bus charging station from data obtained through Phasor Measurement Units

While the increased adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is a promising alternative to reduce CO2 emissions, it creates new challenges for the power grid due to increased energy demand and power quality (PQ) issues. These impacts vary depending on several factors such as the level of EV adoption, charging technology, network voltage level, charging patterns, charging station location, battery condition, and driving habits. Analyzing these impacts and developing solutions, such as characterizing the demand curve for charging stations and understanding EV charging patterns, is crucial to ensure a sustainable transition to an electrified EV future. A study using the ZIP load model that represents voltage dependence by combining constant impedance (“Z”), constant current (“I”), constant power (“P”) components, and phasor measurement units (PMUs) demonstrates the effectiveness of EV demand characterization. The importance of this aspect for grid stability and charging management is highlighted.