Transforming Agriculture: A Mini-Review of IoT Innovations and their Impact

The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized traditional agricultural practices, making its impact in the era of intelligent farming. This mini-review explores the role of IoT-enabled electronics and smart systems and the need to deploy them to transform agriculture through real-time data collection, automation, and resource optimization. The paper also discusses the critical technologies grouped into sensors, drones, and data processing techniques for the contributions of IoT-enabled electronics to precision and vertical farming, livestock monitoring, autonomous irrigation systems, soil, and farmers. The paper also highlights the benefits of IoT devices by addressing global challenges such as data security and privacy, climate change, labor shortages, and sustainable energies while discussing the technical and socioeconomic challenges to widespread adoption across the agricultural community. Finally, the review further emphasizes the potential of collaborative robots, swarm robots, AI and ML applications for regenerative agriculture, biometric sensors, and personalized farming to enhance the effectiveness and scalability of IoT-enabled smart agriculture.