Research on Passive Localization Techniques for UAV Formations Based on the Law of Sines

In modern UAV formation flying, the core objective is to ensure accurate positioning and precise detection during flight operations. When multiple UAVs fly in an orderly formation, their active positioning systems can be disrupted by electromagnetic interference, leading to limited or complete loss of GPS signals and resulting in inaccurate positioning. In this scenario, nine UAVs are evenly distributed at the same altitude. Three UAVs in the formation transmit signals, while the remaining UAVs passively receive these signals and utilize direction and position information to solve the equations necessary for accurate positioning. This passage proposes a purely azimuthal passive localization scheme based on the geometrical characteristics of UAV formations, which form a planar figure. The scheme employs the sine theorem, double-circle intersection, and triple-circle intersection techniques. Computer simulation results demonstrate that this purely azimuthal passive localization method, particularly the one based on the sine theorem, achieves high accuracy and security. The study explores a passive localization method for UAVs, providing valuable insights for the future development of UAV localization technology.