Multiplexing of temporal and spatial information in the lateral entorhinal cortex

Episodic memory involves the processing of spatial and temporal aspects of personal experiences. The lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) plays an essential role in subserving memory. However, the mechanisms by which LEC integrates spatial and temporal information remain elusive. Here, we recorded LEC neurons while male rats performed one-dimensional tasks. Many LEC cells displayed spatial firing fields and demonstrated selectivity for traveling directions. Furthermore, some LEC neurons changed the firing rates of their spatial rate maps during a session (rate remapping). Importantly, this temporal modulation was consistent across sessions, even when the spatial environment was altered. Notably, the strength of temporal modulation was greater in LEC compared to other brain regions, such as the medial entorhinal cortex, CA1, and CA3. Thus, we demonstrate spatial rate mapping in LEC neurons, which may serve as a coding mechanism for temporal context, and allow for flexible multiplexing of spatial and temporal information.