From 2D to 3D: Computational Methods for Analyzing Porous Electrode Structures in Fuel Cells

A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that transforms chemical energy into electrical energy and heat. It occurs through a controlled chemical reaction. Among its essential components are the porous electrodes, which play a pivotal role in the operation of the fuel cells. These electrodes are crucial because they facilitate the efficient flow of reactants to the reaction sites, thereby driving the energy conversion process. The electrodes are made of porous materials characterized by intricate and varied microstructures. Given the complexity of these structures and the significant cost associated with experimental equipment, it is highly beneficial to perform computational studies as a preliminary step. This study focuses on reconstructing a reliable three-dimensional (3D) volume of porous electrodes from two-dimensional (2D) images. Such a reconstruction is essential for conducting predictive analyses of the electrodes' experimental performance and behavior. The study examines key microstructural parameters, including porosity, tortuosity, and diffusivity. The results of employing advanced computational techniques illustrate that the proposed methodology is highly effective and robust for generating accurate 3D reconstructions from 2D images. This capability offers significant advantages for understanding and optimizing the performance of fuel cell electrodes before embarking on costly experimental trials.