Analysis of Internet of Things Build Autonomous Crops the Sustainability Precision Agriculture

The increasing global population has driven a surge in agricultural production, emphasizing the need for efficient and high-quality crop yields within shorter timeframes. To address this challenge, modern agriculture is seeking innovative solutions that maximize resource utilization and minimize waste. This review study examines the potential of IoT-based precision agriculture systems in optimizing crop production processes. Specifically, we focus on a prototype that employs an ESP32 development board and Arduino Cloud platform to monitor and control various agricultural parameters, including irrigation, fertilization, temperature, soil humidity, and electrical magnitudes. The integration of a 3D printer for precise planting and a photovoltaic system for sustainable energy generation further enhances the system's capabilities. This review concludes that IoT-based precision agriculture systems offer a promising approach to improving resource efficiency, reducing environmental impact, and ensuring sustainable food production.