Thermal Management for EV Batteries Using Microcontroller

Maintaining the battery temperature within safe limits is critical for the performance and longevity of electric vehicles (EVs). Overheating can lead to reduced efficiency, accelerated degradation, and potential safety hazards such as thermal runaway. Effective thermal management ensures the battery remains within an optimal temperature range, balancing performance, safety, and longevity. In proposed work, we developed a temperature monitoring and control system using a Cortex M3 microcontroller to ensure that the battery operates within safe temperature ranges. The system continuously monitors the battery temperature and displays real-time readings on an LCD. If the temperature exceeds a predefined threshold, a DC fan is automatically activated to cool the battery. This method prevents overheating and thermal damage, enhancing the battery's health and efficiency. By integrating this thermal management system into EVs, we improve safety and reliability, reduce the risk of battery fires, and extend the battery's lifespan, resulting in lower replacement costs. This technology supports the increasing adoption of EVs, contributing to environmental sustainability and global efforts to reduce carbon emissions.