Optimization of Dimple Configurations on Aircraft Wings to Enhance Aerodynamic Performance

As environmental concerns arise, the aviation industry continues to design and implement innovations that are favorable for the climate. A new concept involves the application of dimples on the wing surface to reduce drag and increase fuel efficiency. The dimples generate small vortices inside the bumps, thus delaying flow separation and reducing pressure drag. Recent studies have shown that the overall drag can be reduced if the dimples are optimized properly. This study aims to identify the best dimple configuration for minimizing drag in the transonic regime of NACA 0012 airfoil, using CFD. Variations in dimples include shape, aspect ratio, density, and depth. Modifying these parameters will affect the increment of surface area, which in turn expands the friction drag. This study reveals that the best drag coefficient reduction dimple of 4.461% is a compromise between large profile drag reduction and minimal friction drag increment. Given their ease of manufacturing and maintenance, coupled with enhanced aerodynamic properties, dimples present a long-term environmental benefit in the aviation industry.