Assessing Regional Surface Subsidence and Its Impact on Critical Infrastructure in Gedebage, Bandung Using SBAS InSAR Analysis

The rapid urbanization and infrastructure development in Gedebage, Bandung, particularly since 2010, have raised significant concerns regarding land subsidence and its impact on critical structures, including the GBLA Stadium, AI-Jabar Mosque, highways, and the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway. This study employs Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) InSAR time series analysis using Sentinel-1 SAR data from 2017 to 2023 to monitor and quantify subsidence in the region. The results reveal alarming subsidence rates, with average velocities ranging from −17.0 to 0.9 em/year, particularly affecting the stability of the high-speed railway, where non-uniform settlement could compromise operational safety. Ground-based leveling measurements were used to validate the SBAS InSAR findings, confirming significant subsidence in key areas. The study identifies critical factors contributing to subsidence, including the region's complex geological conditions, extensive groundwater extraction, and environmental dynamics. The findings emphasize the urgent need for continuous monitoring and the integration of advanced mitigation strategies to ensure the safety and stability of infrastructure in this rapidly developing region. This research provides a crucial foundation for future efforts in mitigating the risks associated with land subsidence in urbanized areas.