A Novel design of a modified rectangular microstrip patch antenna with parasitic elements at 2.45GHz

This document presents the design, simulation, and measurement of a patch antenna resonating at 2.45 GHz with −54.29 dB. The antenna follows the classic patch antenna design, with the addition of various parasitic elements and rectangular slots to achieve an optimal model. The entire process of simulating and constructing the antenna is explained up to the final model. In the first iteration, a parasitic element was added to the microstrip line and the height of the rectangular slot was increased; in the second and third iterations, additional parasitic elements were also added to the antenna, and in the last iteration, these parasitic elements were strategically moved to new positions. The optimized dimensions of the patch antenna are 40x47.5 mm, designed on FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant ε<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> = 4.4, and thickness h = 1.6, achieving a resonance frequency of 2.45 GHz.