Exploring the Interconnectedness between English-Medium Instruction and Intercultural Competence: A Systematic Literature Review

In today's globalised educational landscape, the relationship between English-Medium Instruction (EMI) and intercultural competence (IC) in higher education is paramount. As institutions increasingly adopt EMI, understanding its interconnectedness with IC becomes essential. This systematic literature review explores how EMI influences IC development in higher education. Through thematic analysis, it provides a comprehensive understanding of the interconnectedness and sheds light on mutual influence. Three key themes emerge: (1) EMI as an opportunity or objective for developing intercultural competence, (2) EMI highlighting the need for IC development, and (3) Challenges related to both IC and EMI. These findings offer insights into the dynamics between EMI and IC in higher education contexts and underscore the importance of comprehensive teacher training programmes and policy interventions to address challenges and embed IC within EMI practices. Advocating for a holistic approach to EMI, this review calls for continued research on their relationship, emphasising ongoing efforts to promote intercultural competence in higher education.