4D printed shape memory alloy binary bits for unconventional information processing

Unconventional information processing techniques leveraging advanced materials and structures have recently gained widespread attention. Bistable structures offer innovative methods for information processing due to their binary physical states, which directly correspond to electronic binary signals. However, conventional bistable structures typically require external driving elements, complicating the system. In this study, we fabricated intelligent bistable bits (IBBs) using 4D printing technology. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed IBBs can sense environmental changes and autonomously achieve configuration transformation. Building on this, the tunable energy barriers and ‘time-sequence’ deformation properties of the IBBs are realised through simple stacking of structures and stimulation at different positions. Furthermore, this paper presents a design example of environment-responsive mechanical metamaterials based on IBBs, highlighting their potential in unconventional data storage. This work provides new insights into the design of IBBs adapted to complex environments and holds significant value for developing similar intelligent devices.