Relationship between uncertainty in illness and hope in patients undergoing haemodialysis in Iran: a cross-sectional study

The study found that people with higher education and income, younger age, waiting for a kidney transplant and low uncertainty have more agency and pathway thinking. Therefore, these variables should be worked on. According to the negative association between uncertainty in illness and agency and pathways thinking, well-designed interventions to reduce uncertainty in illness and enhance hope in haemodialysis patients are recommended.