Synergies between Plasma and Thermal Catalysis on Steam Methane Reforming for Hydrogen Production

The use of plasma technology powered by low-carbon electricity represents a sustainable approach to hydrogen production, aligning with principles of green chemistry and engineering. This study investigates the interplay between plasma, thermal, and catalytic conditions in steam methane reforming (SMR) for hydrogen generation. Synergies between plasma and thermal catalysis were evaluated across different reactor configurations. The combination of reactor insulation and an active catalyst significantly enhanced methane conversion and hydrogen yield, while reducing energy input, promoting energy-efficient processes. Remarkably, at 30 W, the Ni/CeO2 catalyst achieved 95% selectivity for the SMR reaction at lower temperatures, as confirmed by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Insulating the reactor improved thermal energy utilization, enabling a 64% hydrogen yield with only half the power required in noninsulated systems. While synergy for methane conversion was negligible, a strong synergistic effect on selectivity to the overall SMR reaction emerged between plasma and thermal catalysis. The effective use of thermal energy facilitated the water–gas shift reaction, completing the process and increasing hydrogen selectivity. These findings highlight the potential of plasma-assisted catalysis as a sustainable, energy-efficient solution for hydrogen production.